The Culture of the Japanese Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Culture of the Japanese - Essay Example by Emperor Jimmu (United States Department of State, 2011). All monarchs since are believed to be his direct descendants, but scholars have questioned at least the first nine, with agreement only being reached on Emperor Sujin, who ruled in the third or fourth century (Yoshida, 2007). Emperors, for all of their title and power, really only ruled in the arena of politics, while warlords and aristocrats held the actual power in the country up until 1868; in the years up to World War II, the Emperor Hirohito was controlled by military leaders without wielding any power himself (Yoshida, 2007). Even today, the imperial family holds little to no political power and is rarely, if ever, seen in public (Yoshida, 2007). They are still held in high esteem, but unlike other monarchies, do not make regular appearances in public. Historically, there are two main events that spurred the culture of Japan. These were the introduction of the Chinese writing system in 405 A.D. and the introduction of Buddhism in the 6th century (United States Department of State, 2011). It is a tribute to their introduction that both original elements can still be seen in the culture of Japanese people, even in modern times. It must be noted, however, that given its great scope it would be impossible to write on all the elements of culture, both historically and what is found in the country today; volumes have been written on these very subjects that barely scratch the surface. Therefore, five essentials will be explored in detail, including the language of Japan and the arts found in Japan, both performing and visual, how Japanese society treats and views marriages and families, and what if any religions are practiced throughout the country. Pre-World War II Japan vs. Post-World War II Japan... While having undergone radical changes in almost every aspect since World War II, the Japanese have still managed to hold on to ancient traditions and pieces of their culture that makes them unique. Not all was lost to surrender in 1945, for as a people, they managed to pull themselves up as a culture and raise themselves from a large percentage of destroyed cities to a nation that today commands respect. The Japanese people appear to enjoy simplicity and rigidity while adhering to complexities that would make those raised outside of the country shake their heads in wonder. Their language holds over 1,945 characters, and one small area defines the â€Å"standard† use of the language, while dialects are used freely. While moving forward in terms of equal support under constitutional law, the male is still considered the head of the household and women are expected to take on the demands of the household, including being the primary parent in raising the children and taking care of any elderly parents (from either side of the family) after marriage. Marriage in and of itself even appears to have a rigidly defined set of parameters, with men and women of eligible age declining to date freely but appearing happy to be set up with others in their network of peers, and marriages due to the woman being pregnant are becoming commonplace. Even their religions appear simple and yet compl ex, as two religions, with a third that is practiced but not by the majority of the country, can define major portions of life events. Again, this country appears, on the surface, to have a culture of sameness, but underneath it lays rich traditions and heritage that, while moving forward with modern times, Japanese people are not willing to let go of.

What are the factors that affect the attitude of Chinese young people Essay

What are the factors that affect the attitude of Chinese young people towards classical music - Essay Example This historical period was difficult for national culture, as there were many coup detat, rebellions, national liberation movements and communist revolution. The authors demonstrate positive impact of Western classical music within instable socio-political context. Shanghai National Orchestra became the first large center of classical music, as Shanghai was an administrative center of British Empire in China. This example proves that western instruments and musical preferences can easily merge with Chinese classical music and theatre. Success of pianist Mario Pad and Chinese musician Tan Shuzen showed that the above music had a large target audience in 1910 – 1930th in China. Thus, it became an integral part of Chinese culture, education and music, as China was under continuous influence of Europe countries. In the book â€Å"Flying Dragons, Flowing Streams† Ronald Riddle draws a parallel with integration of Western music in life of Chinese Americans. Chinatown became the place of mixture of two different cultures and a gradual assimilation started. Western popular and classical music had been coexisting with Chinese classics in 1930th – 1950th. â€Å"In the late 1970s both Western classical music and arrangements of Chinese melodies were rehearsed and performed by the Chinese American Youth Orchestra, conducted by Timothy Chan and sponsored by the Chinese Cultural Foundation.† (Riddle 1983, p. 208). The orchestra consisted of young Chinese Americans and successfully performed throughout the USA. Thus, Chinese Americans incline to Western pop and classical music, but try to remain their national culture in the new motherland. Melvin and Cai regard the period of the Hundred Flowers Movement (1957) and the Cultural Revolution as decadence of Western classical music in China. Impact of foreign music was pernicious for Chinese youth, that’s why all educational institutions, orchestras and schools related to Western classical music were destroyed and

Marketing Plan on Peters Drive In

Marketing Plan on Peters Drive In Introduction We are pretty much all familiar with the local favourite, Peters drive-in, where quality is foundational, while they serving a big population of Calgary milkshakes, burgers, and much more. Even after it was taken over by the new owners, the quality and the traditions are still being served in the form of mouth watering snacks and fast food. Offering fast food that is relatively cheaper than the other fresh made fast food businesses around. With already half a century serving the tasty fast food, Peters has established itself as an iconic business in Calgary. To have the most controlled operations, the multimillionaire co owners refused to have franchise. Peters drive in is a name for consistency and quality. Instead of spending a big amount for media marketing they are still focusing on the overall quality and a service which is efficient. Maintaining a place in the top 50 best burgers in Canada itself says about the love in serving their fast-food (Edwardson, 2017). Having a little competition around this business location they are helping nearly about 22000 Calgarians a week to satisfy their cravings for delicious and quality fast food at reasonable price. Having their menu extremely consistent since the opening day, they still rule the hearts of Calgarians. Positioning Statement Would you like to try the traditional Peters secret sauce, perfectly matched with a chicken burger that will take you into heaven on your first bite? If yes, then you must visit Peters Drive-In. A quarter pound of chicken in this burger with a scrumptious and a mouth-watering experience will satisfy your craving. Peters Drive-In offers the customer more then they think with a Competitive price, yet, staying with the old taste.The flame cooked hamburger patties are thin but perfectly paired with the fresh toppings of lettuce, red grilled onion, tomato, with each bite it will make you feel awesome.It is Juicy, hot, and super tasty.The BBQ sauce and real Canadian cheddar cheese that used in the hamburgers will add a unique taste in the eating (Peters Drive-In, 2017). Peters drive ins current positioning is very effective, but it is not very diversified. The chicken burger may bring a new and exciting change to their burger market. Until now, it had an image of offering beef burgers, milkshakes, and fries, but the chicken burger will add a new flavour in the menu. They have the brand image and ability to go into the new market segment. MARKETING OBJECTIVES Strategic business planning involves making decisions about three variables: objectives, strategies, and execution or tactics (Tuckwell, K. J, 1950). Peters marketing share is to maintain their famous brand for quality and service by providing a consistent customer experience and being persistent in all attitudes regarding quality and using the best ingredients obtainable which it has proved in all sense. Peters Drive-In is very concerned about its brand image. In very short time, it has maintained a reputed status in the society. Age range from 5-75 but the median age of approx. 40 is the main target market of Peters Drive-In. As it is famous for fresh beef burgers, a chicken burger can be the new product that can attract more consumers who are not regulars to Peters Drive-In. Chicken is a preferable source nowadays, as it provides a lower level of artery-clogging nutritional factors. People are more conscious about their health which has influenced fast food industry in past few years. As female are more conscious about their health, a chicken burger can be the great way to appeal to female population in the area. Peters main form of promotion is from the radio. They can open Facebook, Twitter, an Instagram account which would be the attraction of newcomers and younger clients. Community events page can be made which would involve more people to head to their site and with visuals of the food. It can also offer gift cards which can attract new customers. Car shows can be the best option which can bring the classic Peters image back, and peak the interest of people to come to the locations, and try their food too. Peters Drive-In should access all the channels and should transfer messages clearly to the target audiences. Marketing Strategy Peters Drive-In has really worked hard over 49 years to preserve product quality and maintain a large, faithful customer base around northern Alberta. The target customers of Peters Drive-In are both male and female and range in age from 5-75 years. Peters Drive-In is a must-stop location for road trippers heading east. And for shift workers finishing up work at 9 a.m. who really need a burger before heading home. (Olafson, 2017) This iconic restaurant is an ideal destination for hungry individuals and families who are looking for a quick meal, but are not willing to sacrifice quality. Most customers are financially secure and have or are in the process of achieving a formal education. The classic old school vibe and quality of Peters Drive-In allows them to excel in customer retention, especially within an older more conservative demographic of Albertans. The consistency of Peters ensures that customer expectations are met every time, making them more likely to be repeat customers. Although this consistency is one of the reasons Peters is a local favorite, we feel a new product development strategy will be highly beneficial in attracting both new and return customers to the Drive-In. This new product development strategy begins with introducing a flame grilled chicken burger to the Peters menu. The chicken burger will expand Peters target market to include a more health conscious demographic, while also giving return customers a new reason to Drive-In. This will increase customer volumes and sales. Peters will take full advantage of this product release by ramping up social media attention to make their new chicken burger the talk of the town. Through outlets such as Facebook, Instagram and Twitter. Peters will host contests and giveaways to increase customer excitement for the new chicken burger. This will allow them to increase publicity and reach new clients, especially within a younger demographic that might not listen to their radio ads. Due to its iconic name in Northern Alberta, the news of the new Peters chicken burger will spread quickly, enticing many new and old customers to stop by a location. Peters has always actively supported charities, however th e original owner Gus Pieters kept it a private matter and out of the public eye. Gus Pieters was a charitable guy, but not too many people knew about it because he was so humble. Pieters helped kids whenever he could. Each year, Peters and the team would make 4,500 burgers and donate them to underprivileged children at the annual firemens Christmas fundraiser and party. (Olafson, 2017) Since socially responsible business is a major concern of modern day consumers, Peters plans to host charity events and fundraisers. By doing this on location, Peters will attract more customers and showcase their commitment to the community. Peters also plans to host events such as car shows and a poker run stop in the future, to encourage the community to come out to their locations. This brings the classic Peters image back, and gives customers and families a positive experience that they will associate with the restaurant. Becoming more active on social media and within the community will only inc rease the iconic image Peters drive-In has, thus increasing customer retention and truly making it The Drive-In You Cant Drive by. Peters has relied on their iconic name and has conducted most of its advertising through radio ads in the past. Peters has never been too extensive with their advertising campaigns because their classic products sell themselves. However, with the release of the new chicken burger, Peters plans to take a much more aggressive twenty first century approach to marketing. Peters will achieve this by ramping up social media significantly by hiring experts to take over their pages. To do this Peters must triple their marketing budget to account for all three channels of advertising. Radio allowance will stay consistent with past years; however social media networking will take up fifty-five percent of the advertising budget. This is because social media has the largest potential to attract a new generation of customers. Also advertising for community and charity events will be done through social media platforms. The rest and smallest portion of the advertising budget will go toward prepari ng and hosting events and conducting product promotions. This approach will ensure the chicken burger is a success and Peters iconic image will only improve. Marketing Mix: Introduction of New Product. Peters current Food menu consists of: Beef Burgers Hot Dogs (Cheese dogs) Fries Onion Rings Poutine This is the introduction of the new PETERS flame grilled chicken burger. This burger would be virtually the same as the beef burger, with one exciting change, CHICKEN!! To stand alone in the market and be socially responsible, grain fed chickens would be the first choice for this venture. This burger would be flame grilled to perfection, be juicy to the bite, and have the same delightful taste as the beef burger. The traditional Peters secret sauce can marinate the chicken, to help give it that taste peters is world renowned for. Right now Peters sells approximately 4000 beef burgers on a busy day and 4000 milkshakes any given day in the summer months (Ribecco, 2017). With the addition of the chicken burger, this would introduce a whole new market throughout Calgary to the flavors of Peters. With consumption of Poultry on the rise in Calgary, and beef on a decline over the past few years. Having the competitive edge with bringing chicken to the table of the customer, will juristically improve the profitability of Peters. Health trends are always favoring chicken, and with healthy options mainly targeting women more often than not, this is a great way to appeal to the female population in the area. Price Plan for New Burger: Current prices for food at Peters are as follows: Single to triple burgers- $4.10-7.10 Hot dogs- $3.90-4.50 Fries- $4.00-8.00 Onion rings- $4.50 Poutine- $6.00 With these current prices Peters could easily price their New chicken burgers at a modest $5.25-6.25 per burger to make a healthy 60% profit, but because Peters isnt all about pure profit, this price can be adjusted accordingly. Peters currently purchases their beef from Centennial food services in Calgary, who also provide poultry as one of their services. With current purchases already going through this supplier, adding boneless chicken breast would be a quick addition to the existing order, possibly be a way to cut costs with discounts for more volume purchases. Prices at competitor Burgers places in the area are in the $6-8.00 range, so competing with them would be a profitable way to attain customers, and keeping the sauce the same increases order of the spices, but means they can save by making more at one time. Being competitive with the other local burger places in the area will attract more sales and with hopes raise profits by a 10% increase in the first year, this is because they already have a busier client base then the competitors. The closest burger spots to compete are over five blocks away, and not on a main road like 16th avenue, so they can corner the chicken market in the area for years to come. Placement/Distribution: The addition of this new burger would be cost effective for shipping to the store, providing they stay with the current provider Centennial food services (N/A, 2017). Peters would be able set this up by contacting their current food representative to discuss options for new meat sales. With Centennial being a local supplier, they are the perfect choice to represent Peters in the introduction of the burger. They already have an existing relationship and with supply and demand, Centennial, will be a major choosing for the burger to be successful in the future. Local Purchases means food is fresher than anywhere else and they can ensure the chicken is grain fed, plus this keeps the purchase cost in local Alberta economy. A huge part of the delivery process is to become more socially aware, younger consumers care how the food gets to them and if it was local or long distance. So local deliveries mean less carbon footprint, which in turn means being more socially responsible, so this also makes the environmental consumer appreciate the food that much more. Current distribution method is the best choice, for the best prices, to pass along to the customer. The customers can purchase this new Chicken burger and any of the rest of the menu by heading to 219 16 Avenue, in Calgary, or 131 Leva Avenue, in the world famous Gasoline alley, Red Deer (just off the QE2 southbound, with access from the first Northbound exit). The Calgary Location is open from 9AM to Midnight daily and Red Deer is open daily 10-10 (Website, 2017). This is very convenient for any commuter in those areas to get themselves a burger and shake for the rest of their drive. They can also find out times, prices and locatons by visiting the Peters website at www.petersdrivein.com. Promotion for the 21st Century Drive in: Currently Peters uses radio ads in the slow season(Ribecco, 2017). They currently use radio platforms like: Virgin radio, C Jay 92, Jack FM and Lite 96.9 in Calgary, and BIG 105.5, Z98.9 and Real Country 95.5 in Red Deer. Peters would need to jump in to the 21st century with their feet firmly on the ground. Hiring a dedicated social media marketing representative, that would be the first step. They would be responsible for opening Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram accounts, these would be key to attracting new and younger clients. Using a new revised webpage to modernize the feel of the old school touch. Jumping on the social media bandwagon is almost an essential must do for any business to gain new business. They would need to set up a I was at peters drive in Facebook sign up page, so the customers friends can see it in their newsfeeds. To achieve success on these platforms they could hold weekly or monthly contests, which could be anything from Like Share contests to Trivia games on Facebook and Twitter, and Picture hashtag games involving Instagram. Adding pages to the website with links for things to do around Calgary, Charity pictures and events. Helping promote local community events page woul d involve more people to head to their site and with visuals of the food entice them to head to one of the locations. The next way to market the new drive ins image (Calgary and Red Deer), would be to have car shows in the parking lot at both locations on two separate weekends so owners could potentially be at both locations. This brings the classic 1960s Peters image back, peaks the interest of people to come to the locations, where they can try the food and check out the classic and performance cars. Peters would offer specials for car shows to attract more people to this type of event. Show and shines bring a lot of people who are interested in cars out for an afternoon of fun in the sun (this has been proven by event companies and parts stores to bring awareness of the area they hold the event). The performance JDM car markets, Poker Run stops would be a way to bring very nice motorbikes and new flashy cars to the same spot, and be free media outlet for the restaurant. These promotional strategies will increase profits by 20-30% in the summer and possibly become the new muscle car hangout in the process. This increases free advertising by 40% due to people wanting to see the cars and also mentioning the location on social media. There are limitless ways to promote the new chicken burger. Peters can incorporate a charity event along with specific deals or events they might want to host. One idea is to have a monthly drawing of charitable donations, voted on by the customer. This will not only attract a huge portion of the consumer base it will also promote a good philanthropy practice. Showing that peters cares about the community with fundraiser events, brings general awareness to an otherwise blinded consumer that might not be willing to stop in otherwise. Promoting events around the city that local and traveling guests can be involved with is a good way to get people out of the house and in to the city more. Posting social events around town also shows that peters cares about the consumers happiness within the community, but also gets people to be more interactive with the Peters brand which will in turn help with marketing all their products better. Peters could also take advantage of mixing a few of these promotion ideas together, by having a charity show and shine/poker run. This would bring excitement to the locations and they can even use the radio and social media to let the customer know whats happening at these events/charities. They could Introduce a charity Burger for the Hungry Eater, that burger could be a double cheese burger, with a chicken breast in-between, and topped with a couple onion rings. Add a Shake and some fries for a package price, and some of the proceeds can go directly to the charity that was voted for that current month. Conclusion We all know that peters had an image of offering beef burgers, milkshakes, fries and onion rings. To add a new flavour in the peters drive in we are introducing totally new chicken burger which is supposed to bring new changes to the market. Maintaining a reputed status in the society peters drive in is attracting new customer to generate sales with some gift cards and offers. They are also looking forward to organize a car show upbringing the old peters classic image back. We all know that the classic peters drive in lip smacking snacks sells themselves because of their iconic name and image which does not require huge marketing campaigns but still in the 21st century drive in promotions will always be beneficial in attracting new customers contributing to sales and profit. Also, a new demographic will be added in the peters drive in customers market who were originally buying burgers off DQ and Burger king which is much expensive than the product being introduced here. In addition to the social media marketing we are also looking forward for charity fundraising on a monthly basis and having chicken burger as a feature deal will for sure make the people familiar with our new burger and this is how we will be going to roll out our campaign article, C. o. (2016, 11 18). cbc news. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/restaurant-sales-calgary-full-vs-limited-service-1.3856939. BILL KAUFMANN, C. S. (2014, 09 16). Calgary sun. Retrieved 2017, from www.calgarysun.com: http://www.calgarysun.com/2014/09/16/calgarys-iconic-peters-drive-in-expanding-to-red-deer-after-53-years-in-the-burger-business Edwardson, L. (2017, 03 30). metro news. Retrieved from metro news: http://www.metronews.ca/news/calgary/2016/12/22/peters-drive-in-named-one-of-worlds-best-burger-joints.html Farms, S. O. (2017, 03 01). http://www.sunshineorganicfarm.com/price-list. Retrieved from http://www.sunshineorganicfarm.com/price-list. freepress), J. C. (2016, 09 23). http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/food-chicken-prices-increase. Retrieved from cbc online newspaper: http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/food-chicken-prices-increase-1.3776594 N/A. (2017, 03 11). Centennial Foodservice. Retrieved from Centenialfoodservice.com: http://www.centennialfoodservice.com/ Olafson, K. (2017, Febuary 2017). http://www.avenuecalgary.com. Retrieved March 21, 2017, from http://www.avenuecalgary.com/Restaurants-Food/5-Decades-of-Stories-From-Peters-Drive-In/ Peters Drive-In. (2017, 03 23). Retrieved from www.petersdrivein.com: www.petersdrivein.com Pieters, G. (2017, 03 01). Peters Drive in history. Retrieved from http//:www.petersdrivein.com/history. Ribecco, G. (2017, 03 01). Manager. (B. Halliday, Interviewer) services, G. f. (2017, 03 02). https://www.gfs.ca/en/products/product-categories/poultry. Retrieved from https://www.gfs.ca/en/products/product-categories/poultry. Website, P. D. (2017, 03 15). main page. Retrieved from Peters Drive In : http://www.petersdrivein.com

Jeffery Dahmer Essay example -- Serial Killer - Cannibal

Jeffery Dahmer is arguably the most notorious serial killer -cannibal in history. Targeting men and boys, Dahmer‘s life of crime began with drinking and sex offending. His murders were exceptionally gruesome, often involving rape, torture, necrophilia, dismemberment, and cannibalism. The media often commented on how â€Å"normal† Dahmer appeared. Jeffrey Dahmer made everyone question how one develops into such a monster. By the time of his apprehension, Dahmer had sodomized, murdered, and cannibalized at least seventeen men, mostly black, Hispanic or Asian, in the Milwaukee area between the years of 1978 until his arrest in 1991 (Williams pg.1). Jeffrey Dahmer was born in Milwaukee on May 21, 1960, to Lionel and Joyce Dahmer. Despite the difficulties of Joyce's pregnancy, he was wanted and adored as a child. By all accounts, Dahmer displayed traits of a happy, bubbly youngster. However, several events from his childhood indicated that the young boy was becoming more and more disturbed. When Jeff was four, his father swept out the remains of some small animals from under the house. As his father gathered the tiny animal bones, Jeff seemed strangely entertained by the sound they made (Bardsley Ch. 13). At the young age of six, Dahmer suffered a double hernia and needed surgery to correct the problem. After the operation, he was never the same socially. Adding insult to injury, the family then moved from Iowa to Ohio where it became apparent Dahmer had grown distant, shy, and nearly uncommunicative (Bardsley Ch. 13). As a young student, Dahmer, very fond of one of his elementary school teachers, took her a bowl of tadpoles he had caught. Soon Dahmer learned that his teacher had given the tadpoles to his friend Lee. He ... ...rocess of ‘walking through’, in which the patient and therapist examine the same issues repeatedly in the course of several sessions, each time with greater clarity. This process is enduring, usually lasting for a number of years (Comer 41). Due to the presence of such a multitude of abnormal behaviors, the most helpful form of psychodynamic treatment available would be the short-term psychodynamic therapies that focus on one individual issue at a time. Perhaps the abnormalities could have been deciphered and treated separately through this type of therapy in order to improve his behavior. It is impossible to say for sure, but had Dahmer sought or been forced into treatment for his many abnormal behaviors, therapists may have been reasonably successful in identifying the underlying causes before he felt compelled to take innocent lives.

Life without internet Essay

What would life be like without the internet? Many people say that the Internet is the most important invention ever, and I definitely believe that it is true. Since the first artificial satellite, the Sputnik, was launched to the space, the world has never been the same. Nowadays computer is so affordable that in every home you can find one. What is more, the Internet connects people all around the world. Computers didn’t exist a century ago and many people might have had happy lives without them. Life would stop without computers. You wouldn’t even stop to think about how many common products are operated by computers. Our cars, microwave ovens, wristwatches and thousands of other gadgets. Appearing on the internet you can search â€Å"WWW†-means World Wide Web-for information when you need to. see more:life without internet There are millions of websites storing an endless amount of data. You can find many dozens of information about everything on the internet. E.g. history, animals, plants, nature, music, famous people etc. There is countless number of services available on the net. What is more you can download music, films, listen to foreign radio stations, play games, read and subscribe newspapers and magazines and you can even purchase or sell various products , order food,. In addition you can transfer money through the Internet, and learn languages on-line on several web pages and practice English because most users speak the language. You can keep in touch with friends or other people from other countries to write them e-mails if you have an e-mail access and it is very fast .The list is endless, and I honestly like to use it because as I have experienced I always get to useful information through the Internet, and gain knowledge about healthy life.

Blowing the Truth out

Whistle blowing is informing on illegal and unethical practices in the work place is becoming increasingly common as employees speak out about their ethical concerns at work. It can have disastrous consequences for the individual, as well as threatening the survival of the organization that is being complained about. This paper aims to provide a balanced approach to this topic, which has generated much controversy and debate. I would like to first explain what whistle blowing is and detail some the following important moral issues that go along with whistle blowing. I will try to show how this could affect any one by going over a classic case of an Eastern Airlines pilot . As well as considering how an individual can protect him or herself from becoming the victim when trying to blow the whistle. Under what circumstances, if any, is whistle blowing morally justified? Some people have argued that whistle blowing is never justified because employees have absolute obligations of confidentiality and loyalty to the organization for which they work. People who argue this way see no difference between employees who reveal trade secrets by selling information to competitors, and whistle – blowers who disclose activities harmful to others. This position is similar to another held by some business people that the sole obligation of corporate executives is to make a profit for the stockholders. If this were true, corporate executives would have no obligations to the public. However, no matter what one's special obligation, one is never exempt from the general obligations we have to our fellow human beings. One of the most fundamental of these obligations is not to cause harm to others. Corporate executives are no more exempt from this obligation than other people. Corporations in democratic societies are run with the expectations that they will function in ways that are compatible with the public interest. Corporations in democratic societies are also run with the expectations that they will not only obey the law governing their activities, but will not do anything that undermines basic democratic processes, such as bribing public officials. In addition to having the obligation to make money for stockholders, corporate executives have the obligation to see that these obligations are complied within an organization. They also have obligations to the company's employees, for example to maintain a safe working place. It is the failure of corporate executives to fulfill obligations of the types mentioned that create the need for whistle blowing. Just as the special obligations of corporate executives to stockholders cannot override their more fundamental obligations to others, the special obligations of employees to employer cannot override their more fundamental obligations. Such as obligations of confidentiality and loyalty cannot take precedence over the fundamental duty to act in ways that prevent unnecessary harm to others. Agreements to keep something secret have no moral standing unless the secret is itself morally justifiable. For example a no person can have an obligation to keep a secret of a plot to murder someone, because murder is an immoral act. It is for this reason also that employees have a legal obligation to report an employer who has committed or is about to commit a felony. Although there are obvious differences between the situation of employees who work for government agencies and those who work for private firms, if we leave apart the special case in which national security was involved, then the same principles apply to both. The Codes of Ethics of Government Service to which all government employees are expected to conform requires that employees put loyalty to moral principles and the national interest above loyalty to the public parties or the agency for which they work. Neither can one justify participation in an illegal or immoral activity by arguing that one was merely following orders. It has also been argued that whistle blowing is always justified because it is an exercise of the right to free speech. But, the right to free speech is not perfect. An example to shout â€Å"Fire† in a crowded theater because that is likely to cause a panic in which people may be injured. Similarly, one may have a right to speak out on a particular subject, in the sense that there are no contractual agreements which prohibit him/her from doing so, but it may be the case that it would be morally wrong for one to do so because it would harm innocent people, such as one's fellow workers and stockholders who are not responsible for the wrongdoing being disclosed. The fact that one has the right to speak out does not mean that one should do so in every case. But this kind of consideration cannot create an complete prohibition against whistle-blowing because one must weigh the harm to fellow workers and stockholders caused by disclosure against the harm to others caused by allowing the organizational wrong to continue. Further more, the moral principles that you must consider all people's interests equally prohibits giving preference to one's own group. So there most be considered justification for not giving as much weight to the interest of the stockholders investing in corporate firms because they do so with the knowledge that they take on financial risk if management acts illegally or immorally. Same as if the employees of a company know that it is engaged in illegal or immoral activities and do not take action, including whistle blowing, to end the activities, then they must bear some of the guilt for the actions. These in turn cancel the principles that one should refrain from blowing the whistle because speaking out would cause harm to the organization. Unless it can be shown that the harm to the employees and stockholders would be significantly greater than the harm caused by the organizational wrong doing, the obligation to avoid unnecessary harm to the public must come first. This must be true even when there is specific agreements not to speak out. Because ones obligation to the public overrides one's obligation to maintain secrecy. If the arguments which I have just made are valid then the position of whistle blowing is never justified because it involves a violation of loyalty and confidentiality, or that whistle blowing is always right because it is an exercise of the right to free speech and is morally justified. Then the obligation a person has to prevent avoidable harm to others overrides any obligations of confidentiality and loyalty, making it an obligation to blow the whistle on illegal or unethical acts. Now that I have set down some moral ground rules that help determine if your responsible or justified in blowing the whistle on big business, I would like to share with you an example of what happened to a company and a employee of a company that has had the whistle blown on them. In this first case a pilot of eastern whistle comes clean on what he suspects to be serious design problem with the new Lockheed 1011, wide body aircraft. At the time Dan blew the whistle, he was flying regularly scheduled flights for Eastern airlines as well as being involved in flight training and engineering safety, for Eastern airlines. Mr. Gellert was also a graduate of Air Force Safety School, the Army Crash Survival Investigators coarse, and the aerospace Systems Safety, all highly regarded safety courses. The problem, which Mr. Gellert suspected, was of unexplainable crashes in a flight simulator while using the auto pilot system . The L-1011 defect involved the complex interaction between the crew and the autopilot and related instruments, which they relied upon to conduct a safe approach to a runway when landing the aircraft. Mr. Gellert became aware of the problem on a routine flight while using the L-1011. While flying the aircraft with the autopilot engaged and cruising at 10,000 feet with 230 passengers, Gellert dropped his flight plan. As he went to pick it up, his elbow hit the control stick in front of him causing the plane to go in a steep dive something that should not happen. Fortunately, he was able to grab the stick and ease the plane back on course. What had happened was that that while bumping the stick, he had tripped off the autopilot. Instead of holding the plane at 10,000 feet, it had switched from its â€Å"command mode† to â€Å"control steering†. As a result, when the stick moved forward, causing the plane to dive, the autopilot, rather than holding the aircraft on course held it in a dive. There was no warning to the pilot, such as alarms or light and the autopilot's altimeter indicated that the plane was flying at 10,000 feet, a dangerously wrong reading. After this incident Gellert told an Eastern management official what had happened and the official replied â€Å"we'll look into it. But three months later from the time he reported the incident an Eastern airlines flight approaching Miami International Airport crashed. The crew had used the autopilot to land the plane and it had malfunctioned crashing into the everglades. The first step that Mr. Gellert took in blowing the whistle on Eastern airlines and Lockheed was to write a two page evaluation of the auto pilots problems and send them to, Frank Borman, then vice-president of operations; Floyd Hall, chairman of the board , and Samuel Higgenbottom, president of operations. The only response was from Borman that said, it was â€Å"pure folly† that the autopilot caused the accident. He also sent two copies to the NTSB (National Transportation Safety Board. ) which agreed with Gellert and asked him to testify against Eastern and Lockheed. Even with his testimony on his experiences with the auto pilot system NTSB found that a defect in the autopilot caused the crash, but attributed the tragedy to â€Å"pilot error† because the crew did not react fast enough. At this point eastern has done nothing to keep Gellert from doing his job . Until he had the same situation happened to him on two separate occasions, which prompted him to write a twelve-page petition to the NTSB as well as to top management. Gellert was immediately demoted to co-pilot. â€Å"Twice a year pilots bid on a base, a position, or a particular aircraft. † The first indication that he was being penalized by the company for his written petitions. At the same time the NTSB began to put pressure on eastern to make alterations to it's aircraft's. The pressure that went along with confronting eastern management forced Gillert to take a three- year leave of absence. And when Gillert decided to return to work, eastern denied him, questioning his ability to fly an aircraft concerned with his mental state. Eastern grounded Gillert indefinitely. A civil suit was filed and won by Gellert . The jury found Eastern guilty and awarded him 1. 5 million in damages, which were never paid, due to appeals. Gellert also filed a grievance to get reinstated as a pilot , which he won but Eastern refused to instate him as a full time pilot . The bottom line is that eastern was making life hard on Gillard because he wanted to do the right thing , he was aware of a problem which he tried to bring to the attention of the executives in charge . He was a dedicated employee and was only concerned about the safety of the people Eastern was flying and in turn Eastern continues to punish him and make his life extremely hard. I believe what has happened in the above summary of the Eastern airline case is that which is common among whistle blowers. Employees that decide to blow the whistle on big business for the greater good of the people are often subject to countless acts of discrimination. Employees are often demoted, pushed aside, put down ,alienated from the industry, and made their lives extremely uncomfortable for the mere fact that they tried to do the right thing. Gellert felt that the autopilot was defective yet management refused to listen, and then when it was to late and an accident occurred management didn't want to know , because they didn't want to except responsibility for not addressing the problem in the first place. If anything Gellert should have been rewarded for trying to prevent a disaster but instead, as is common for many whistle blowers he was punished. Employees who discover apparent wrong-doing have several options, they can turn a blind eye and continue as normal, raise the matter internally and hope for the best, blow the whistle outside while trying to remain anonymous, blow the whistle and take the full force of employer disapproval, resign and remain silent, or resign and blow the whistle. The key is minimizing the risk to you as an employee. As I have shown to blow the whistle requires a great deal of care and patience. Yet sometimes employees do not always make good judgements in the heat of the moment. Allowing himself or herself to be more vulnerable then someone who takes the time to plan and receive advice to do it right. Some simple questions will help to minimize your risk and determine if blowing the whistle is really necessary. First, make sure the situation is one that warrants whistle blowing. Secondly, you should carefully examine your motives. Third, verify and document your information. Fourth, determine the type of wrongdoing involved and to whom it should be reported. Fifth, state your allegations in appropriate ways. Sixth, decide whether the whistle blowing should be internal or external and if it should be open or anonymous. Seventh, make sure you follow proper guidelines in reporting the wrongdoing. And last you should consult a lawyer and anticipate as well as document retaliation. With all this said there is really no sure way to go about making the right choice on weather to blow the whistle or not. Employees that are forced to blow the whistle are often forced to do so because their concerns are not given fair hearings by their employers. This results in damage to both the whistleblower and the organization. Yet if wrong doing with in an organization go undetected, they can result in even in greater damage to the workforce, and the public at large. Whistle blowing is an effective way to regulate business internally and should not be discriminated against. In researching this paper it has come to my attention that whistle blowers may never have it easy. The possibility of causing career suicide should be maintained at the lowest level possible. A good indication of the how genuinely ethical our society is how organizations treats its whistleblowers. I can only hope that we will improve in the next coming century than continue on the course we have set for ourselves in the past. I strongly believe that society owes an immense gratitude to its whistle blowers and that they will soon be praised for coming forward instead of punished.