Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Clarinet Concerto free essay sample

Mozart was born 1756 and died in 1791, In his lifetime he created a phenomenal amount of Impressive works Including operas, sonatas, symphonies, concertos and chamber works. Mozart father Johann, also a musician, realized his son was particularly gifted in music at the very early age of 3, when he started playing keyboard. At the age of 5 Mozart was composing and performing his works all over the Europe. At the age of six Mozart performed for the Bavarian elector and the Austrian empress.His father felt that it could be very profitable to expose his hillsides musical genius (Mozart sister Maria Anna was a gifted keyboard player). In 1763 he took his children on a tour to Paris and London as well as several courts while on the Journey. Mozart astounded audiences with his tremendous technical and musical ability. On this tour he played for the French and English royal families, had his first compositions published and also wrote his earliest symphonies. We will write a custom essay sample on Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Clarinet Concerto or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This tour ended in 1766, yet nine months later they left home again, this time to Vienna, where Leopold hoped to have Mozart opera performed. In 1773, Mozart visited Vienna, It was here that he wrote a set of string quartets and when he returned home, he wrote a group of symphonies. From 1774 through to 1777, Mozart worked as Concert Master at the Prince Archbishops court, during these years he wrote masses, symphonies, all of his violin concertos, six piano sonatas several serenades and divertimento and his first great piano concerto. From 1777 till 1780 he enjoyed little success, working in minor roles, however, still composing sacred works, symphonies, concertos, serenades and dramatic music.Opera remained his ultimate ambition and he finally was commissioned to write a serious opera for Munich. This first opera Demimonde was a success. In Mozart operas he portrayed serious, heroic emotion with a richness that had not been heard in his other works. While his operas were his passion, and piano concertos were an important part of his career as both a performer and a composer, his concertos for wind instruments were always written for, or inspired by a particular performer of that instrument. Wisped In the Autumn of 1791, Mozart was commissioned by his good friend Anton Stalled to rite a concerto for him to play at an upcoming performance In Prague on October 1 6th 1791. Mozart had started writing a concerto for basset horn In 1989 this was reworked to become the Clarinet concerto. Stalled had recently invented an instrument that combined the agility of the early clarinet with the depth of the basset horn, and this Basset Clarinet was the instrument for which Mozart wrote his concerto.It allowed him to write brilliant display passages and lyrical melodies in its clarion (upper) register and to explore the rich expressive sound of Its calumets lower) register with equal ease, and the music exploits the contrast between the two. Mozart had written several works for Stalled, including a clarinet quintet, a quintet for piano and winds (oboe, clarinet, horn and bassoon) and a trio for clarinet, viola and piano. The Clarinet Concerto was premiered in Prague, on October 16th 17 91.Staplers performance left an extremely positive impression on the audience. The Berlin Miscalculates Womanliest wrote In January on 1792; Herr Stalled, a clarinetist from Vienna. A man of great talent and recognized as such at court Halls dieback was from critics who faulted Mozart for writing for this particular extended instrument. *wisped Mozart clarinet concerto has been described by many over the years as being autumnal mostly due to the lyrical Adagio movement, which is, out of the three movements, the most recognizable tune.Although the entire concerto is simple in form, the Adagio movement introduces a range of new textures, inspired by the solo instrument and its capabilities. The orchestral background has a solemn tone which is similar to the second movement of his Clarinet Quintet, also written for Stalled. Nile Mozart predictably makes the most of the clarion register, his use of operatic melody combined with chamber texture adds a more operatic brilliance which gives this concerto a special aura and sets it apart from other composers works such as Carl Stamina.The Adagio movement from this work, has a widely recognizable tune and has been used in movies such as American Gild, Out of Africa and Amadeus (a movie based on the life of Mozart). *wisped ere melodic line of the Adagio movement, is generally diatonic, and uses a wide angel of intervals, containing chromatic scales as well as the use of an interval leap of over two octaves for e. G in the recapitulation, the melody line leaps from a very low note to a considerably high note, two and half octaves higher.The middle section, displays the most variety in rhythm, melody, range, and harmonistic in t he accompaniment. To study the Adagio movement of Mozart Clarinet concerto, we can analyses each section, that is, the primary theme, solo section, recapitulation and finally, the coda. Bar 1-32 Bar 33-58 59 Bar 60-93 Bar 94-98 A Section 3 Section Cadenza Coda ere main theme which runs for the first 32 bars, includes 2 eight bar strains, both of these are then repeated by the orchestra.These eight bar strains contain a pair of two bar phrases, followed by a four bar continuation. This alteration between solo and orchestra can also be found in Mozart piano concertos. This main theme is incredibly powerful and expressive, despite it being constructed within a limited range of pitch and with a fairly simple melodic idea. The fact that he uses the orchestra to echo the primary melody in a dynamic of forte, accentuates the strength ND expressive power of this line.In this section we can hear the role of the lower strings change, playing sustained notes to start and then developing into a more Nee studied closely has some differences which set the two apart and create a forward motion and development of the piece. The second strain continues with the straightforward melo dic line, however the harmony underneath this changes. In bars 19 and 21 Mozart chooses to briefly use E minor and F# minor, respectively, which makes the accompaniment richer in this second strain than it is in the first. In the echo from the orchestra in the second strain, the bass line follows a more chromatic path than before. Green In the middle section of this movement (the B section), we hear the soloist exploit the extent of his skills, this section is entirely a solo section containing many different rhythms and particularly showing off the calumets (lower) register with its deep rich timbre. The writing in this solo section is characterized by the use of a variety of rhythms, chromatic detail and the presence of substantial interval leaps. In this section, any passages that are exploiting the lower register, are usually closely followed by phrases in the upper registers.Mozart wrote this piece with Stalled in mind, as he did with most of his concertos as well as other works, such as his operas. He often developed a character w ith a particular artist in mind to play the part. In this section we can hear that Mozart understands the instrument he was writing for, and its capabilities. Mozart employs the use of intervals of twelfth quite frequently in this section, which is achieved quite easily on the clarinet, however, if he had been riding for a different instrument he may not have been able to write such an interval and have it executed accurately.In this solo section we hear a two octave downward arpeggio followed by a substantial leap to a higher interval, followed by some chromatic ornamentation at the subsequent cadence. It is interesting to note the dissonance used by Mozart to increase interest and character, this happens repeatedly every two bars from bar 38 to 44. In the original basset clarinet version, a phenomenal 3 octave arpeggio is written. The basset clarinet having an extra 4 notes t the bottom end of its range would have given it extra warmth and more range for exploiting Staplers skills.At the end of this section we hear several sustai ned notes from the orchestra followed by short passages where the clarinet is displayed by itself. *brown *green ere recapitulation brings back the floating simplistic melody of section A. Firstly reaffirming the original two solo strains from the beginning, however, this time the orchestra does not echo the first strain. Then in the second strain, the orchestral response is present, yet it undertakes a re-harmonistic, characterized mainly by he falling bass line, as opposed to the continuously ascending bass line of the original strain.Apart from staying with the form of a concerto, reaffirming this melody reminds the audience of the first section of this work and reinforces any emotions that were linked with this original melody. This time, the melody being slightly different from the first A section, allows the audience to experience a new sensation as well as develop a renewed love and appreciation for this melody. Following the recapitulation we hear a coda section, which brings in the first nacreous of this movement, at the same time, bringing together the elements of both the principal and middle solo sections.The coda brings back the flowing, gentle Nee hear in the B section. Through much of this coda section, the orchestral winds have been omitted, with only strings as accompaniment, yet they return at the end adding a final touch of color to the final two bars. It is interesting to note that in the original basset clarinet concerto, the final note was written as a minim, as opposed to the crotchet written in the other parts, it is unknown whether this is a subtle magical effect written purposefully by Mozart or simply a publishers misprint. Green In conclusion, this piece was chosen for its ability to portray a combination of emotions, it is light, Joyful, and elegant. This concerto, while it is perfectly simplistic, contains creative musical ideas and an inspiring diversity of rhythmic and melodic patterns. The warm, expressive tone of the clarinet and the somber simplicity of the orchestra makes this a wonderful piece to listen to. In listening to this piece it becomes evident, the admiration and passion Mozart had for this instrument.It monstrance t hat he truly understood the clarinet and how to exhibit its true potential. In this concerto, we find some of the most beautiful passages ever written for clarinet. It can be heard in Mozart music that he often wrote with his audience in mind, the aim for him being to attract an emotional response from them. The clarinet concerto was Mozart final orchestral work, as he only wrote his Requiem after this, Inch he died during the process of writing. The clarinet concerto is a fantastic example of Mozart brilliant and beautiful writing.Mozart had already written expansively for the clarinet and basset horn, prior to writing this concerto. In all his concertos he displays a significant understanding of the capabilities of the instrument for which he is writing for. This concerto uses the complete range of the original instrument, that is, from low C to high G. The difference of tone in the clarinets various registers is beautifully used to vary mood and affect. The clarinets ability to play through very large intervals is stylishly established continuously throughout this piece and helps to create excitement and originality.

Free Essays on Glass Menagerie

Coping with Sin The first mention of sin in the bible is mentioned in the fifth chapter of Romans, written by Paul. â€Å"Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned† (Rom. 5:12). According to Paul, humanity was cursed because Adam sinned when he ate from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. Since the creation of Adam, all is guilty of sin. Every living soul will have to face judgment on the second coming of Christ, and not everyone handles sin in the same manner. Lucky for us all we have a loving and forgiving father. A fictional story titled The Minister’s Black Veil was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne and published in the year 1836. Mr. Hawthorne illustrates how a clergyman deals with his guilt of sin. This remarkable story features a main character, Reverend Hooper, who is deemed a mysterious man because he wears a black veil to conceal his sin(s) from others until his death. Reverend Ho oper was a good preacher because his veiled face was of a physical symbol for his parishioners to concentrate on, although he was not overly energetic to help influence his parishioners. Reverend Hooper demonstrates his inability to cope with sin by hiding his face, by not conveying a needed reason for wearing a veil, and by using the veil as a tangible presence to cover his physical fear of others. The first way Reverend Hooper displays his inability to deal with sin is by concealing his face from everyone. The piece of crape that formed the veil was always in place even as he performed his religious duties or regular daily activities of his life. His parishioners thought something must be wrong with Mr. Hooper’s mentality because of the point of view that was created by the people who observed the veil. One example of this is when an elderly woman muttered, â€Å"I don’t like it. He has changed himself into something awful, only by hiding his ... Free Essays on Glass Menagerie Free Essays on Glass Menagerie Broken Glass In the play â€Å"The Glass Menagerie,† one of the central themes is people must grow and change throughout life. Some people change and grow gradually and some people all at once have change for life. Though all the characters in the play do not change and grow. Laura has the most significant and noticeable changes and growth in the play. Tom changes and grows too but it is much more subtle than Laura changes. Though Amanda does not change or grow at all in this play but she sticks with her old southern heritage. Laura makes the most apparent change during the play. She starts out as helpless as a puppy. Amanda says, â€Å"resume your seat, little sister-I want you to stay fresh and pretty-for gentlemen callers† (1,942). Everything is done for her she has no responsibilities at all. â€Å"No, sister, no, sister-you be the lady this time and I’ll be the darky† Amanda says (1,941). Amanda says, â€Å"stay fresh and pretty!-It’s almost time for our gentlemen callers to start arriving†(2,943). Laura is always down on herself she never says a good a thing about herself. Laura says, â€Å"I don’t believe we’re going to receive any†¦ it isn’t a flood, it isn’t a tornado, Mother. I’m just not as popular as you were in Blue Mountain†(2,943). Later Laura goes on to say, â€Å"I’m-crippled†(2,947). She is unsure of herself and is just waiting for something to happen to change this perception she has. That’s when the gentlemen caller Jim is on his way over for dinner. Amanda has worked Laura up so much Laura can’t handle it. Laura says, â€Å"Mother, you’ve made me so nervous†(6,965). Laura really gets fired up when she finds out that the gentlemen caller is Jim, the Jim she had a crush on in high school the only crush she has had in her life. When Laura finally sits down and starts talking with Jim, Laura is changed for life. Jim warms her up by having her sit down next him on the floor. ... Free Essays on Glass Menagerie Coping with Sin The first mention of sin in the bible is mentioned in the fifth chapter of Romans, written by Paul. â€Å"Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned† (Rom. 5:12). According to Paul, humanity was cursed because Adam sinned when he ate from the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil. Since the creation of Adam, all is guilty of sin. Every living soul will have to face judgment on the second coming of Christ, and not everyone handles sin in the same manner. Lucky for us all we have a loving and forgiving father. A fictional story titled The Minister’s Black Veil was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne and published in the year 1836. Mr. Hawthorne illustrates how a clergyman deals with his guilt of sin. This remarkable story features a main character, Reverend Hooper, who is deemed a mysterious man because he wears a black veil to conceal his sin(s) from others until his death. Reverend Ho oper was a good preacher because his veiled face was of a physical symbol for his parishioners to concentrate on, although he was not overly energetic to help influence his parishioners. Reverend Hooper demonstrates his inability to cope with sin by hiding his face, by not conveying a needed reason for wearing a veil, and by using the veil as a tangible presence to cover his physical fear of others. The first way Reverend Hooper displays his inability to deal with sin is by concealing his face from everyone. The piece of crape that formed the veil was always in place even as he performed his religious duties or regular daily activities of his life. His parishioners thought something must be wrong with Mr. Hooper’s mentality because of the point of view that was created by the people who observed the veil. One example of this is when an elderly woman muttered, â€Å"I don’t like it. He has changed himself into something awful, only by hiding his ... Free Essays on Glass Menagerie The Glass Menagerie The Characters’ Escape From Reality in The Glass Menagerie The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams centers around a dream of escape. Although everyone wants to escape from a different reality, they all feel that need to get away. The father is the most successful in his escape because he never has to deal with anything at home. He actually leaves and doesn’t look back. As for the other four: Laura, Amanda, Tom, and Jim, they seem to be stuck throughout the play. Jim seems to be the only one with a real chance at breaking away from his reality. When Tom breaks free, his memory brings him back to that place. Each person escapes their reality in some way and is somewhat successful at it. Whether through dreams or actually walking away, everyone manages to break free. Tom is, by far, the biggest dreamer. Tom dreams of leaving the â€Å"†¦over crowded urban centers of lower middle-class population† (1267). Tom envies his father who actually had the guts to walk out. Tom expresses this when he tells Amanda, â€Å"†¦Mother, I’d be where [the father] is!† (1277). Tom wants to leave so desperately that he â€Å"†¦paid [his Merchant Marine] dues this month, instead of the light bill† (1295). Tom would rather think of himself and let his mother and sister sit in the dark, alone, than take responsibility for his family. Tom says he is â€Å"†¦tired of the movies† (1294) meaning that he is ready for his own adventures. He â€Å"†¦[retires] to a cabinet of the washroom to work on poems when business [is] slack in the warehouse† (1289) By doing this, Tom is looking for yet another escape from the reality of working at a job he hates. Tom also loathes his mother in some way. This is most evident when Tom calls Amanda an â€Å"†¦ugly –babbling old- witch†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1278). When Tom does finally escape his realities they continue to haunt him. Every time Tom sees â€Å"†¦a pi ece of transparent glass†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1310), or hears â€Å"†¦a...

How to Avoid Plagiarism in Journalism

How to Avoid Plagiarism in Journalism Weve all heard about plagiarism in one field or another. It seems like every other week there are stories about students, writers, historians, and songwriters plagiarizing the work of others. But, most disturbingly for journalists, there have been a number of high-profile cases in recent years of plagiarism by reporters. For instance, in 2011 Kendra Marr, a transportation reporter for Politico was forced to resign after her editors discovered at least seven stories in which shed lifted material from articles in competing news outlets. Marrs editors got wind of what was happening from a New York Times reporter who alerted them to similarities between his story and one Marr had done. Marrs story serves as a cautionary tale for young journalists. A recent graduate of Northwestern Universitys journalism school, Marr was a rising star who had already worked at The Washington Post before moving to Politico in 2009. The problem is, the temptation to plagiarize is greater than ever because of the Internet, which places a seemingly infinite amount of information just a mouse-click away. But the fact that plagiarism is easier means reporters must be more vigilant in guarding against it. So what do you need to know to avoid plagiarism in your reporting? Lets define the term. What Is Plagiarism? Plagiarism means claiming someone elses work is your own by putting it in your story without attribution or credit. In journalism, plagiarism can take several forms: Information: This involves using information that another reporter has gathered without crediting that information to the reporter or to his or her publication. An example would be a reporter who uses specific details about a crime - say, the color of a murder victims shoes - in his story that comes, not from the police, but from an article done by another reporter.Writing: If a reporter writes a story in a particularly distinctive or unusual way, and another reporter copies passages from that story into his own article, thats an example of plagiarizing writing.Ideas: This occurs when a journalist, usually a columnist or news analyst, advances a novel idea or theory about an issue in the news, and another reporter copies that idea. Avoiding Plagiarism So how do you avoid plagiarizing another reporters work? Do Your Own Reporting: The easiest way to avoid plagiarism is by doing your own reporting. That way you avoid the temptation to steal information from another reporters story, and youll have the satisfaction of producing work that is entirely your own. But what if another reporter gets a scoop, a juicy bit of information that you dont have? First, try to get the information yourself. If that fails...Give Credit Where Credit Is Due: If another reporter digs up a piece of information you cant get on your own, then you must attribute that information to that reporter or, more commonly, to the news outlet that reporter works for.Check Your Copy: Once youve written your story, read it several times to make sure you havent used any information that isnt your own. Remember, plagiarism is not always a conscious act. Sometimes it can creep into your story without your even being aware of it, simply by using information that youve read on a website or in a newspaper. Go over the facts in your story and ask yourself: Did I gather this myself?

Cross culture and human resource management 03015 Essay

Cross culture and human resource management 03015 - Essay Example Kennedy (2008) however focus in aspect of competition that urged the business houses to look for new markets and customer groups in order to enhance their scope of business and signified competition as one of the primary drivers in the inclusion of cultural factors in the business domain. Focusing on the functional aspect of the human resource processes of the business, Hampden-Turner (2009) stated that the two most essential roles of the HR managers is to ensure employee engagement and commitment towards their organizational responsibilities. This research is focused on establishing a subsidiary for British pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline in India. The process of developing the subsidiary will undergo through many cultural challenges and analysis of the business environment of India. For the initial market research process, GSK will send some British managers for understanding the process of designing the functions for the India based subsidiary. The group of managers selecte d include 3 male and 2 female individuals out of which the female managers are married and will be travelling with their families. This also brings in the aspect of adapting to the social structure of India for all the managers. The personal reflections of the managers will also be considered in forming the report regarding the cultural environment of India. The responsibilities of the subsidiaries will be mainly related with evaluation of the critical cultural and environmental factors that can influence the operations of GSK. Culture is one of the most crucial aspects of the human behaviour, their decision making processes and choices made while taking actions for fulfilling their goals. Based on this assumption the observation of Bate (2008) highlighted that culture influences the decisions and behaviour of a group of people and forms the basis of differentiation of one group from another. Thus, culture can consider as means for segregation of the global population based on their

LG Electronics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

LG Electronics - Essay Example Recently, it has included Mobile Phones with various specifications in its enriched product line up. The company’s annual turnover in the year 2009 has recorded 13089 crores (LG Electronics, 2012). In relevant to the company’s various products, the two divisions i.e. the home appliances and the electronics goods are located on the Boston Consulting Group Matrix (BCG) where the upper right quadrant is the electronics division and the lower left quadrant is the appliance division. The BCG Matrix introduced by Boston Consulting Group, is an instrument that allows the company to evaluate and to classify its products as well as services. Furthermore, it is a decision making tool that helps to balance the activities of an organisation related to the products that make profits and signify growth in order to sustain the future of the company. The matrix helps to implement the development policies of the company. The BCG matrix positions the products in two ways, namely, the rat e of growth of the market and the market share of the product contrary to its competitors (Luxinnovation G.I.E, 2008). Findings The structure of BCG matrix consists of four quadrants namely, Stars, Question marks, Cash cows and Dogs. In this context, the two divisions of the company are located on the Question marks and Cash cows. ... The company emphasised on capturing higher market share by sales maximisation. However, the presence of fierce competition due to a number of competitors such as Samsung which offers products targeted to the entire age groups and classes of society, barred LG from penetrating into new business markets and attaining higher share of the market. The cash cows quadrant consists of products that generate higher profits in a short period of time which need to be replaced because of the low growth in the future, as a result of that the investments are comparatively lower. Moreover, the products in cash cows should be profitable as they are able to finance other activities in the stars and the question marks (Scribd Inc, 2012). LG’s home appliances are its core products that the company is based upon. The 60 inch Plasma Display Panels were the world’s first, to be introduced by the company in the year 1998 (LG Electronics, 2012). In the following years, the company developed va rious creative and innovative products which ultimately raised huge market share and facilitated the company to generate huge profits. Its low cost features and maintenance free appliances have ensured the company’s products to be present in almost all the households thereby, satisfying and growing among its targeted segment, mostly the females in the family. Recommendations The smart phones introduced in the markets are required to go through a drastically innovative change that will allow the product to mark a presence in the market and compete against its rivals. It has been noted that the company priced its mobile phone devices at a comparatively cheaper prices in order to target the middle and lower class people. However, in following this strategy the company relied more on providing

The Stuxnet Virus Essay Example for Free

The Stuxnet Virus Essay Historic data shows that Iran accounted for almost sixty percent of the early infections. According to Siemens, 15 of its customers were identified as having detected the worm on their systems as of Sept. 14. Stuxnet used stolen digital certificates from Realtek Semiconductor and JMicron Technology to legitimately slip through and hide. The certificates also helped keep Stuxnet under the radar. 1. 1 Why are all the fingers pointing to the United States and Israel? Most cyber security experts who have researched this complex attack call it a joint U. S. Israeli operation, which may have also included Germany and Great Britain. It is also a well known fact which, incidentally, has not been denied by either the US. or Israel, that Israeli intelligence tested aspects of the worm using centrifuges identical to Irans at Israel’s Dimona complex. Even Siemens the German company cooperated with Idaho National Laboratories in the US to identify the vulnerabilities of computer controllers that the company sells to operate industrial machinery around the world. Not too long afterwards, those very vulnerabilities were exploited by Stuxnet. . Why a Cyber Attack? Cyber warfare requires intellect not military might and a country does not have to be a military superpower to wage a cyber attack. Cyber attack tracks are much easier to cover and are easily attributable to another entity. While cyber attacks are only recently been declared by our military and political leadership as acts of war, compared to an actual physical military attack on another country life can go on as usual for most of the citizens on both sides of the conflict without the slightest idea that their country is at war. It does not cost billions of dollars to run or manage and is hardly a long-term commitment of hundreds of thousands of troops and the logistics to support them and their equipment at the front lines. In case of Iran, a cyber attack was the most viable option available to global powers because the Iranian regime did not hesitate to make threats against the United States and Israel should it have been attacked militarily to make it stop trying to produce nuclear weapons. 2. 1 What exactly is Stuxnet designed to do? Graphic: Courtesy of The New York Times, January 15, 2011 Stuxnet is the first malware of its type designed to cross over the cyber – industrial divide and attacking critical infrastructure like power stations and electricity grids. On 26 September 2010, Irans state news agency reported that computers at its Bushehr nuclear power plant had been infected. The New York Times article, Israeli Test on Worm called Crucial in Iran Nuclear Delay, describes the complex function of Stuxnet in very simple terms: â€Å"One part of the program is designed to lie dormant for long periods, and then speed up the machines so that the spinning rotors in the centrifuges wobble and then destroy themselves. Another part, called a â€Å"man in the middle† in the computer world, sends out those false sensor signals to make the system believe everything is running smoothly. That prevents a safety system from kicking in, which would shut down the plant before it could self-destruct. † The same article further quotes Ralph Langer, widely credited for having solved Stuxnet, as saying: â€Å"Code analysis makes it clear hat Stuxnet is not about sending a message or proving a concept,† and later saying â€Å"It is about destroying its targets with utmost determination in military style. † Stuxnet was designed to seek out its target, cripple it beyond repair without causing any collateral damage; stay lurking in the shadows to continue to strike, all without leaving any conclusive evidence of who sent it on its mission in the first place. Needless to say, it succeeded in its mission. 2. 2 How effective was Stuxnet and why? To sit remotely, thousands of miles away and receive an email update from your smart malware that it has disabled your enemy’s commercial power grid says something about the power and effectiveness of this new weapon of cyber warfare. By most accounts and estimates damage from the Stuxnet virus has apparently set back the Iranian nuclear program by at least two years. This makes the virus as effective as a military strike, perhaps even more; all this without loss of life, collateral damage, or risk of a full-blown war. 3. History and future of nation state cyber warfare According to the Council on Foreign Relations, although few countries beyond the well-known players like China, Russia, and Israel and a handful of others have historically possessed the capability to launch a full scale cyber attack along the lines of the Stuxnet attack, over one hundred countries have begun to organize cyber warfare units. (Masters, 2011, sec. 2) Across the world, countries are either engaged in cyber battles with their arch enemies or gearing up to bolster their defenses against cyber warfare.

Graduation Speech: We Are Giants :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Sept. 8, 2008: Colossal corridors and mammoth Seniors greeted our frightened Freshmen. Though we clung desperately to our remaining drops of confidence from the pinnacle of eighth grade, they evaporated under the sheer intensity of high school. We dared not poke our unprotected heads out to view this new realm, too terrified of who or what we might find. Some of us, it seemed, feared our strange surroundings would swallow us whole. Fortunately, curiosity overpowered even the most paralyzing insecurity, and slowly we prodded our boundaries, cautiously testing our skills and talents. We joined clubs and teams that matched our abilities, carving a circle of compassionate friends from the once-distant swarm. And backed by the support of these caring allies, we settled into the routine of adolescence. Until someone uttered those eight terrifying words: "What will you be when you grow up?" Of course, we had first been introduced to this ambiguous question while still in diapers, but always had brushed it aside with the thought, "I'll decide later." High school, we discovered, was later. So we embarked on the tedious process of inventing our dreams. We scoured the career center, hounded our counselors, pestered our parents and teachers. We pleaded with friends to answer in our stead. Certainly, we knew it was our decision, but we had to try to get out of it, right? Make someone else decide. But there is one instant in everyone's life when they explode from beneath that Xeroxed shroud of "General Public" and slip into the shimmering gown of "Individualism." Soon we understood that to find our passions we must step beyond the tight, comfortable confines or our abilities. We were forced to expose ourselves once more to the vulnerability of trial and error. But this time, as we delved into unfamiliar activities, we had the self-assurance to attempt the experiment. And so, amid the swirling waters of high school, backed by constant guidance from faculty, parents, and peers, we gradually formulated a future.

Porter Generic Stratey Essay

The key drivers of competitive advantage are cost leadership and differentiation product †¢COMPETITIVE STRATEGY- the means by which an organisation seeks to achieve and sustain a competitive advantage†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Porter suggests that competitive strategy means taking an offensive or defensive action to create a defendable position to cope with the competitive forces- this would lead to greater returns †¢Porter suggests that a firm’s strengths fall into two headngs; cost advantage and differentiation. By applying these strengths in a broad or narrow focus, three generic strategies result: COST LEADERSHIP, DIFFERENTIATION AND FOCUS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦they are generic because they are not specific to a firm or industry. †¢4 strategies to gain a competitive advantage: COST LEADERSHIP-(superior profits through lower costs), DIFFERENTIATION-(higher profits by adding value the products areas that are of real significance for customers who are willing to pay a premium price), FOCUS STRATEGY-(concentrate on a specific area on the market) †¢COST LEADERSHIP- concentrates on becoming the lowest cost producer through economies of scale. With this, the organisation can compete on price with the potential to earn higher unit profits. Cost reduction provides the focus for the orgaisations strategy. Competitive advantage is achieved by driving costs down. There is room for only one cost leader †¢Firms that succeed in cost leadership have the following strengths: access to capital to make big investment, design skills, high level of expertise in manufacturing process, efficient distribution channels †¦. EXAMPLES- RYANAIR, TOYOTA, TESCO, AND WALMART †¢Cost leadership is often seen as a strategy that aims to attract customers with low prices made by low costs†¦.. ut this doesn’t necessarily mean the lowest selling price, but due to low costs, the profit margins are higher †¢DIFFERENTIATION- this strategy calls for a development of a product or service that offers unique and valued attribute by customers. The customers believe that the product is different than rivals. – the uniqueness gives a product added value which enables companies to charge a higher price premium. Successful differentiation- differentiating products from competitiors, charging a higher price†¦. an base differentiation on omage, durability, after-sales customer service/ needs strong R&D †¢HOWEVER, adding value increases a firms cost base for a product which reduces the unit profit margin- these costs can only be recouped if the consumer is willing to pay the premium price. Also, customers must recognise these differences†¦. EXAMPLES: BMW, MIELE (HIGHER QUALITY DOMESTIC APPLIANCES), BANG AND OLUFSEN, MERC, ETC †¢Benefit – a chance of charging a premium price, demand for differentiated less elastic, above average profits, additional barriers to entry? Risks – difficult to sustain, higher costs, risk of creating differences, comsumers may become too price sensitive, compititors who attain a focus strategy may achieve greater differentiation. †¢FOCUS STRATEGY- Like differentiation, but organisation concentrates on one or more segments of the market, this may offer the firm more security for achieving its competitive advantage†¦. However there are specific requirements for the focus strategy†¦. Firms benefit form specialisation, differentiation on a lower scale, so the costs are lower than full scale differentiation

Historical and cultural context Essay

All three of these stories create strange but similar atmospheres. Three similarities that these stories have is that they all took place around the 1880s/1890s,all three stories in the beginning always take place at 221B Baker Street, and all three stories seem to take place in and out of Victorian London. The mystery of â€Å"The Red-Headed League† takes place mainly around Victorian London and is described as very busy, crowded and swarming full of pedestrians. There are references to carriages, cellars and lanterns throughout the story so this will give you an image of the kind of atmosphere to expect. The way London is described it will probably strike people as it being old fashioned if you compare it from then and now when read. The value of money was different from then and now. In â€Å"The Red-Headed League† i 4 a week is seemed to be an awful lot, because most people in those days would maybe make that in a month or two. The story shows conflict between rich and poor people. The Blue Carbuncle is set in a few places around London, and has references to old buildings and carriages when Holmes and Watson are in the search of the goose. The background for all these stories reflects London of a hundred years ago. This was when forty percent of the population were servants. The police as you would notice belonged to lower social class and were poorly thought of at the time because of the inefficiency and corruption. Another feature in contrast to today is that the trains always seem to run on time, carriages are always there when needed and Holmes and Watson are never delayed by the traffic. The structures between all three stories do not seem to be all that different. All three stories have unusual and strange titles (The Speckled Band, The Red-Headed League, and The Blue Carbuncle) that intrigue the reader. The title gives you an idea to what the story will be about. They all have exciting openings, because they all start at 221B Baker Street with Holmes sitting down talking to a strange and mysterious person with Watson interrupting for the case to be retold and explained to us readers. When a new a new character is introduced it grabs the readers attention wanting to find out more so they keep on reading. In the beginnings of all three stories whenever Holmes is interrupted by Watson the new character will explain the case again so that Holmes will start to observe the person and make mental notes about him/her. Holmes is able to find clues just from the person and the clues are used to build up tension so that Holmes can make deductions. There are often flashbacks from the new character to give a history of them that will obviously be linked to the mystery. The dramatic ending for â€Å"The Speckled Band† was danger but justice was done as the villain had got what was coming to him. In â€Å"The Red-Headed League† the dramatic ending was that justice was done as the criminals were arrested and the dramatic ending for The Blue Carbuncle was not danger and nor was it justice done because the character had owned up to his mistake and said he had punishment enough. The points in short story structure (how the writer puts the text together) are as follows: Paragraph structure which is how the meaning is revealed from sentence, book structure which might affect the reader if the book is split into chapters, with language of implications and what is left unsaid, through the narrator which is how the story is told and with imagery which is how the emotions and scenes are built up. The language which is used for all three stories is quite old fashioned. The words and sentences seem confusing as they are not what we use today. For example instead of â€Å"Holmes said† like we would say now it is â€Å"said he†. The language is very different but understandable. The stories use old fashion words like: dog cart, would fain, forceps, whimsical, commissionaire, billycock, labyrinth, unimpeachable, deduce, inferences, foresight†¦ etc. The stories all give detailed descriptions for unusual objects, new strange characters and peculiar places by using similes and metaphors. Holmes and Watson both in the three stories use many similes and metaphors to give us descriptions of things. The dialogue is shown by Watson as he asks all the questions the reader wants to ask, and when Holmes impatiently explains what to him is obvious, Watson is acting on our behalf. The story gets retold just for us with more detailed language and more explanations.

AIDS, A Global Health Problem essay

buy custom HIV/AIDS, A Global Health Problem essay Description of Global Health Global Health refers to prevalent health problems that go beyond the national borders of any given country such as infectious diseases and some of the insect borne diseases that can easily spread from one country to another. Global Health includes other health problems that have major magnitudes so as to have a global political and economic impact. Description of Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) as a Global Health Problem. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the most advanced stage characterized by occurrence of any of the opportunistic infections or related cancers that occurs when one is infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) that infects and destroys the bodys immune system. This virus attacks vital body immunity cells hence leading to decreased level of the immunity making it prone to other opportunistic infections. HIV is a retrovirus that infects and destroys cells and some of the body neurons hence depleting its immunity(Ltd, 2010). As earlier noted, AIDS is a result of HIV infection. This virus is usually transmitted via sexual intercourse (vaginal, oral or anal) with an infected person; sharing of contaminated needles, syringes, or other similar sharp instruments or transfusions of contaminated blood. It is also transmitted between during pregnancy between a mother and her baby, childbirth or even breastfeeding. But what are the contributing factors that lead to these infections(Ltd, 2010)? There are many social, biological and economic factors that arguably contribute to the infection and spread of AIDS. Amongst the factors that have continuously led to HIV Spread are Gender Orientation, Social Status, and Lack of Information amongst most population. The feeling of Invincibility, Infection with Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and Alcohol and drug abuse are also some of the factors as articulatd by Patria Rojas et.al. (Patria Rojas, 2011) Justification From the above it is clear that HIV/AIDS is a crosscutting issue whose effects are entrenched to all people and both poor and the rich regardless of their gender. This syndrome therefore has a great impact on the global economic arena and political sphere. But how is HIV/AIDS related with Nursing? On the onset of other opportunistic infections such as TB amongst others, usually at the prevalent final stage, the patient requires a lot of attention and nursing so as to offer them physical, social and emotional attention. Similarly, Aids led to an increasing number of Orphans who after the death of their parents need to be loved and provided with a well balanced stake of life. In such instances, Nurses are very fundamental since they have the professional capacity to offer care to the orphans. Relatives and friends of the infected person are equally prone to emotional and social dysfunctions. Michelle Burden Leslie, Judith A. Stein, Mary Jane Rotheram. (2002), in their journal noted that medications meant to counter opportunistic infections can cause emotional reactions hence affecting the emotional and social development. This may affect the persons emotional life that further spreads to the workplace and other social places. Once diagnosed with the syndrome, initial feeling of shock and denial will most often turn to guilt, fear, sadness and sense of hopelessness. This may lead to withdrawal from the society hence shielding one off the social life. It is at these times that a person will need professional support as well as support from friends and family members. This forms a vicious cycle that touches on the individuals infected and those affected often with negative impacts. (Rotheram-Borus, February 2002).More so, Nursing school are taking the lead in HIV/AIDS researches thus any meaningful development and breakthrough in HIV/AIDS almoost goes hand in hand with the nursing and nurses. Contrast: How Aids is viewed America and in South Africa. HIV/AIDS in America is viewed as a gay and urban problem and disproportionately affects black Americans and Hispanic Americans who exist in both major metropolitan areas and rural areas. (AVERT, 2011)America has acknowledged HIV/AIDS as an endemic and in its fight back have established the National Hiv/Aids Strategy for the United States whose vision is: The United States will become a place where new HIV infections are rare and when they do occur, every person, regardless of age, gender, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity or socio-economic circumstance, will have unfettered access to high quality, life-extending care, free from stigma and discrimination It is therefore evident from the above vision statement that the America not only views HIV as a national Health problem but has also put structures such as policies in place to mitigate this problem. In South Africa, a study carried out by Harvard indicated that there were poor policies to mitigate the effects of HIV/AIDS. It further notes that South African government would have prevented the premature deaths estimated at 365,000 people earlier this decade if it had provided antiretroviral drugs(Pride Chigwedere, 2008). Such poor policy managements therefore reflects how the South African Government viewed HIV/AIDS in light weight with one the top government officials, the health minister, Manto Tshabalala-Msimang ridiculing the remedy to HIV/AIDS by suggesting the use of lemon and garlic to cure it(DUGGER, CELIA W., 2008). It is to be noted that the number of people living with Aids was 5.6 Million this being the highest number anywhere else in the world thus South Africa had the Highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rate during this time(UNAIDS, 2010). Buy custom HIV/AIDS, A Global Health Problem essay

Good Essay

Good Essay Good Essay Good Essay Good writers are not born, they are trained. Similarly, good essays are written with inspiration and patience.   Yes, you cannot write a good essay rushing through writing.   You should give your mind an opportunity to think about the topic, to generate supporting details, to organize your writing, and proofread the drafts.   Below is the short sample of good essay.   Do not copy it!   Read it and make notes.   Pay attention to the sentence structure and paragraphing. If you need help with your own writing, do not hesitate to request professional essay writing help at our site.   Our essay writing services are affordable, legal, and absolutely confidential.   There is also a free blog with numerous sample essays, term papers, research papers and much in our writing blog. Good Essay Sample Any attempt to understand the female preponderance in depression must explain both the long-term and the short-term trends. Conventional explanations have assumed that the female preponderance in depression has been a long-term trend. Most of the studies do support this, and the data that exist from the nineteenth century indicate a female preponderance of depression. These enduring trends can be interpreted as supporting either the biological or the social status theories. On the other hand, recent evidence suggests short-term trends. There has been an increase in the rates of depression, especially among young women, manifested by rising suicide attempt rates among young women and by high attendance by women at psychiatric outpatient clinics. This has prompted speculation about the possible role of recent historical changes, especially the presumed pathogenic pressures of modern life. Rising expectations, increased life events, separations, and loss of attachment bonds are all risk factors of depression that have been suggested as mechanisms by which social change can be psychic stressors. These stressors are proposed to have a greater impact on women because of their more vulnerable social position. Rate increases in depression have been reported to have occurred during earlier periods of rapid social change. Schwab has pointed to possible historical parallels to the current era in late Elizabethan and early seventeenth-century England, when depression was described to have reached epidemic proportions. Similarly, Rosen, citing the example of late eighteenth-century England, quotes Edgar Shepherd who, attributing the rise in mental illness to the "wear and tear of a civilization," speculated on the reasons for the differential prevalences of mental disorder between the sexes. Rising expectations, access to new opportunities, and efforts to redress the social inequalities of women have been suggested as further explanation for the recent increase in depression among women. Depressions may occur not when things are at their worse, but when there is a possibility of improvement and a discrepancy between one's rising aspirations and the likelihood of fulfilling these wishes. The women's movement, governmental legislation, and efforts to improve educational and employment opportunities for women have created higher expectations. Social and economic achievements often have not kept pace with the promises, especially in a decreasing job market and where long-standing discriminatory practices perpetuate unequal opportunities. These new role expectations may also create intrapsychic personal conflicts, particularly for those women involved in traditional family tasks but who also desire employment and recognition outside the family. Good Essay Writing Service If writing is a nightmare for you, do not panic! We offer a solution - customized assistance. Our writing service is individual. It means that your essay is written from scratch by an experienced and responsible writer who meets deadlines and follows instructions.   Your completed essay will not be posted online, never!   We guarantee confidentiality and unlimited revisions.

Patient Safety and Medical Errors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Patient Safety and Medical Errors - Essay Example Failure by this group to follow due process or any negligent behavior increases the risks of the patients and compromises their safety. Patient safety is considered as a wide area that has grown out of the current use of technology and the development of different medical approaches in healthcare. According to the global nursing association, patient safety has no financial needs as it involves the commitment of the healthcare professionals and the provision of quality services to the patients (Stern, 2008). Medical errors do occur in a hospital setting as a result of professional negligence or omission which could have been avoided thus affecting the healing process of the patient. In medical history, the medical errors and their impacts on patients recovery has been documented beginning from the time of Socrates. However, most professional healthcare workers lack information on the impacts of the errors they commit and these results into misreporting or lack of reporting altogether, an event that has led to the death and chronic injury of patients (Leape and Berwick, 2005). A number of studies have indicated the prevalence of medical errors in the health system across the globe, affecting developed and developing countries alike. In Australia, the medical errors documented in one year caused more than 18,000 deaths that could have been avoided and prevented. In the United States, the number was high, standing at over 44,000 in one particular year. The number of injuries remains high though their accuracy is doubtable due to lack of documented information on the same at any particular time (Nieva and Sorra, 2003). The cost of medical errors on patients can be categorized into human and economic costs and this provides a description of human life lost or the number of adverse effects caused on the health of the patient.